By Justin M. Morgan, MD, FAAP
As measles cases rise, parents are seeking reliable information on protecting their children. This guide provides essential details about measles, its risks, and steps to safeguard children against this highly contagious disease.
Understanding Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It has a 90% infection rate among unvaccinated individuals exposed to the virus. Despite progress in eliminating measles worldwide, outbreaks continue in communities with low vaccination rates (including within the United States).
Risks Associated with Measles
Measles can lead to severe health complications, particularly for young children and unvaccinated individuals, including:
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis (brain swelling)
- Severe dehydration and hospitalization
- Death in 1–3 of every 1,000 cases
To prevent outbreaks, a 95% vaccination rate is needed. Kentucky’s current rate of 92% leaves communities vulnerable.
Recognizing Symptoms
Symptoms typically appear 10 to 14 days after exposure and include:
- High fever (up to 104°F)
- Cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis
- Koplik spots (small white spots inside the mouth)
- Red rash spreading from head to body
Note: If measles is suspected, isolate the individual and contact a healthcare provider.
Current Outbreak Data
Recent outbreaks highlight the need for vigilance:
- Texas & New Mexico: 124 cases (February 2025), 25 hospitalizations, one child fatality.
- Kentucky: One confirmed case in an unvaccinated adult (February 2025).
Vaccination Guidelines
The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) is the best protection. Recommendations include:
- Infants (6-12 months): Early dose if traveling or in an outbreak area (not part of routine schedule).
- Children 12 months and older: First dose ASAP (93% effective after one dose).
- One-dose recipients: Second dose at 4-6 years or earlier if needed (97% effective).
- Two-dose recipients: No further doses needed; full protection achieved.
Note: Kentucky is not currently classified as an outbreak area despite a confirmed case.
What to Do If Exposed
- Contact a healthcare provider immediately for post-exposure treatment guidance.
- Unvaccinated individuals should quarantine for 21 days to prevent spread.
Protecting Your Family
- Check vaccination records by contacting your pediatrician or via patient portal.
- Schedule missing MMR doses to ensure full immunity.
- Stay updated on CDC and local health department advisories.
Seeking More Information
For concerns regarding MMR vaccine safety or effectiveness, consult a pediatrician for personalized guidance.
Trusted Resources
For up-to-date information, visit:
- CDC: cdc.gov/measles
- American Academy of Pediatrics: healthychildren.org
- Kentucky Department of Public Health: chfs.ky.gov
Last updated 02/28/2025